Among the complications of diabetes is neuropathy. This condition is caused by focal nervous system damage and diabetic neuropathy occurs in up to half of all individuals with diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is a highly prevalent condition that substantially affects patients by increasing falls, causing pain and reducing quality of life. The annual cost of diabetic neuropathy and its complications is more than $10 billion in the United States. Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with diabetic neuropathy develop neuropathic pain, which most commonly takes the form of spontaneous burning pain in the feet. Over time, at least 50% of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic neuropathy. Glucose control effectively halts the progression of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes, but the effects are more modest in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exercise is emerging as a promising prevention strategy in diabetic neuropathy.